changing in a smaller portion of space like in multilayer logic circuits. Low mobility of

electrons in semiconductors, high operating voltage, and stability of transistors are still

problematic. In the future, advanced materials may solve these problems. Low mobility

of ions in an artificial synaptic transistor helps them to make a high degree of mimicry.

In dielectric layer output, signals are in the form of time information, yet the process of

decoupling of information is still unclear. There are various methods for reading and

processing signals to cope with the situation. In all of these methods, electronic skin

sensors are distributed and mixed with skin in a prosthesis. Event-based coding is an

efficient method that is closest to the nervous system. The asynchronously coded

electronic skin technique allows the terminal to access the 10,000 sensors simulta­

neously. In this technique, low constant latency of 1 ms and a power supply of high

precision is required that make these receptors larger compared to the receptors of

human subcutaneous.

MCUs in combination with wiring signals can achieve the arrays sensor of high density.

However, numerous wires required for this technology make its implementation chal­

lenging. Mismatched integration of rigid chips with flexible electronic skin is still a dif­

ficult task. The size of the receptors can be decreased with the application of specific

integrated circuits. New methods and devices that work on new mechanisms enable in-

situ coding in further investigation. The transmission of signals through digitized elec­

tronic skin still needs to be explored. Some electronic skin implements optical technology

or wireless methods for signal transmission while most of the electronic skin uses direct

signal transmission. Sensor arrays are frozen in wireless technology by bound wires.

Traditional wireless networks for electronic skin rely on radio-wave communication.

These networks provide inefficient energy and are vulnerable to eavesdropping. A

wireless network of body sensors is an alternative to fill the above shortcoming. This

network is propagated at the surface of textile made of metal material. It is connected

through radio surface plasmons. This metal-based material is used to improve the se­

curity and efficiency of transmission of the signal. These transmit the signal from different

parts of the body from different multiple sensors in a wireless way. This may be fruitful in

the prosthesis. Associated receivers and receptors rely on the chips. These are still

compared with the sensory units of humans. There will be a new trending way for de­

veloping the new methods of signal transmission to decrease the difficulties created by

numerous wiring.

Polymers materials are stretchable and flexible. These are used for manufacturing the

new designs of bioinspired devices. These materials can stimulate the neurons. Then,

these record the signals and activate the prosthetic action or body. Implantable neural

interfaces that are early discussed can represent the mesh electronics and implantable

probes that are deeply embedded. This embedding helps accurate stimulation and re­

cording at a specific region of the brain. These probes and electronics are biocompatible,

small, and have a minimal immune response to glial infections. Actuators in combination

with sensors respond to light, heat, and electricity. These provide multifunctionality in

these probes and are used to monitor the pH, glucose, and oxygen in the blood.

Mesh electronic interface, together with optical waveguides based on polymer mate­

rials, can pursue the stimulation in deeper tissues of the brain matter. Until now, a large

variety of sophisticated bioelectronics has been developed. However, these devices still

face many challenges. A highly functional prosthetic system is required that corresponds

to the sensory feedback. The dexterity of human skins can be achieved by integrating

the higher level of devices. These high levels of devices provide a variety of a large

number of mechanoreceptors. These devices are embedded in the human skin. In

Bioinspired Prosthetic Interfaces

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